Scaffolded notes
Build the idea
Weather is now; climate is a pattern
Weather describes atmospheric conditions at a particular place and time. Temperature, precipitation, wind, cloud cover, humidity, and air pressure can all change within hours. Climate describes the usual range and long-term patterns of weather for a region. One hot afternoon is weather; many decades of temperature records help describe climate.
Meteorologists measure variables
A useful observation includes a variable, a number or description, a unit, a place, and a time. Thermometers measure air temperature, barometers measure pressure, anemometers measure wind speed, wind vanes show direction, rain gauges measure precipitation, and hygrometers estimate humidity. Repeated measurements reveal change and patterns.
Evidence supports a forecast
A forecast is not a guess. Meteorologists compare current observations with earlier conditions, maps, radar, satellites, and computer models. A claim about tomorrow's weather is stronger when several sources of evidence agree.
Stop and explain
Check your thinking
1. Why is 'It feels bad outside' weak scientific evidence?
Possible response: It is subjective and does not name a measurable variable, value, place, or time.
2. Give one difference between weather and climate.
Possible response: Weather is short-term atmospheric conditions; climate is the long-term pattern and range for a region.
Interactive challenge
Try the science
Which statement describes climate?
Before you leave
Exit ticket
Name two measurements that would help predict whether a storm is approaching.