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Satellites observe from above
Visible satellite imagery shows reflected sunlight and is most intuitive during daytime. Infrared imagery estimates cloud-top or surface temperature and works day and night. Water-vapor channels emphasize moisture patterns in parts of the middle and upper atmosphere.
Radar samples precipitation
Weather radar sends pulses of energy and measures signals returned by particles. Reflectivity helps show precipitation location and relative intensity. Radar does not directly show every cloud and can be affected by distance, beam height, terrain, or non-weather targets.
Combine evidence
A satellite image may reveal the size and organization of a cloud shield before rain reaches a location. Radar shows where precipitation is occurring and moving. Surface stations verify what is happening near the ground. Forecast confidence increases when sources agree.
Stop and explain
Check your thinking
1. Which tool is best for current precipitation location?
Possible response: Weather radar.
2. Why compare radar with surface observations?
Possible response: To verify whether returned signals correspond to weather reaching the ground and to add local conditions.
Interactive challenge
Try the science
Match the tool to its strongest use.
Before you leave
Exit ticket
Give one question satellite answers better and one radar answers better.