Scaffolded notes
Build the idea
Thunderstorms need ingredients
Thunderstorms require moisture, unstable air, and a lifting mechanism. Rising warm moist air forms a strong updraft. Condensation and freezing build a tall cumulonimbus cloud. Rain-cooled downdrafts can produce gusty winds and help end or reorganize the storm.
Every thunderstorm produces lightning
Charge separation inside a storm creates lightning. Thunder is the sound produced by rapidly heated and expanding air. If thunder can be heard, lightning is close enough to be dangerous. A substantial building or hard-topped vehicle is safer than an open shelter or tree.
Warnings demand action
A severe thunderstorm warning or tornado warning means hazardous weather is occurring or imminent in the warned area. For a tornado warning, move to a small interior room on the lowest level, away from windows, and protect the head and neck. Follow official local instructions.
Stop and explain
Check your thinking
1. What three ingredients support thunderstorm development?
Possible response: Moisture, instability, and lift.
2. What should students protect during tornado sheltering?
Possible response: Head and neck, in a low interior location away from windows.
Interactive challenge
Try the science
Match the hazard to the safer response.
Before you leave
Exit ticket
What should you do if you hear thunder during an outdoor activity?